Everything about Gun Dog totally explained
Gun dogs or
gundogs, also called
bird dogs, are
types of
dogs developed to assist
hunters in finding and retrieving game, usually
birds. Gundogs are divided into three primary types:
Retrievers,
flushing spaniels, and
pointing breeds.
There are several types of gundogs, each type consisting of multiple breeds; see each type for a detailed description and a list of breeds:
Although classified according to method of work, gun dogs often have skills which extend beyond the tasks outlined for their classification. Depending upon how they're
trained, dogs may be useful in a variety of hunting situations.
Method of Work for Pointers and Setters
Upon reaching the field, the handler often will
cast or direct the dog in a wide circle. Experienced dogs will search the edges of the field knowing that birds are usually found there. This wide run helps to burn off the dogs initial exuberance and may help the dog establish its bearings and form a "background" upon which game smells will be processed. The dog then begins working back and forth, starting near the hunter and slowly ranging out. The dog repeats this process as the hunters move through the field. How far a handler allows the dog to range is a matter of personal preference. When a pair of dogs work as a team, one works close in while the other ranges out in larger circles. If either dog becomes birdy, the other dog works its way over to assist. Good bird dogs are alert to their handlers and to the disposition of other dogs in the field. They should readily comply if the handler casts them to an area of particular interest, such as a brush pile or shuck of corn.
When game is detected, a dog freezes, either pointing or crouching. If other dogs are present, they also freeze, "
honoring" the first dog’s point. The pointing dog remains motionless until the hunters are in position. Handlers give the command
whoa, instructing the dog to remain still. What happens next depends on how the dog has been trained. Some trainers train the dog to stay motionless while the hunter steps forward and flushes the game. Other trainers direct the dog to flush the game with a command such as
get it! Pointing dogs excel on covey type birds such as
bobwhite quail and
grouse as these bird will hold in position well allowing the hunter to approach and get into position. A well trained pointer is truly a magnificent sight representing the combined efforts of generations of hunters and breeders.
If a bird is downed, the dogs are instructed to search for it with the command
dead bird, or simply
dead. The dogs then search for and retrieve the downed game.
Method of Work for Flushing Dogs
When hunting
upland game flushing dogs (spaniels and retrievers) work much more closely with the hunter. Flushers won't cover the same amount of ground as a pointing dog as the flusher must be kept within shotgun distance. Flushing dogs are often used on birds which run from the hunter. On such birds, such as
pheasant, an aggressive flush is necessary to spring the bird to wing. Flushing dogs excel on these types of bird because they don't point the birds, giving them little time for escape on the ground.
Pointing breeds are used on such birds, but must be well trained to know when the bird pointed has moved.
Once a bird has been flushed, the dog will sit or "hup" to watch the flight of the bird and mark the fallen birds for retrieval. The dog which does this successfully is referred to as steady to wing and shot. Steadiness is the hallmark of the finished spaniel.
When a bird is shot, the dog should mark where it fell and wait until given the command to retrieve. Once so commanded, the dog will race to the point of fall, pick up the bird, and return it to the handler.
List of Gundog Breeds
Further Information
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